{"id":48702,"date":"2026-11-04T10:07:28","date_gmt":"2026-11-04T10:07:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/?p=48702"},"modified":"2026-11-04T10:07:28","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T10:07:28","slug":"article-20246-en","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/?p=48702&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"The letter attributed to Rabbi Shimshon of Ostropoli \u2014 studying the ten plagues"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n.es-site{--ink:#483320;--paper:#fbf8f2;--gold:#a78349;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:18px\/1.85 Arial,sans-serif;overflow-wrap:break-word}\n.es-site *{box-sizing:border-box}.es-site a{color:#6b5036;text-underline-offset:4px}.es-site h1,.es-site h2,.es-site h3{color:#483320;line-height:1.35;font-weight:600}.es-site h1{font-size:clamp(36px,5vw,64px);margin:12px 0}.es-site h2{font-size:clamp(28px,3vw,40px);margin:0 0 24px}.es-site h3{font-size:23px;margin:0 0 16px}.es-site p{margin:0 0 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dir=\"ltr\">\n<p>The letter attributed to Rabbi Shimshon of Ostropoli discusses allusions and gematria relating to the ten plagues and the Haggadah. Various communities study it before Passover. It is a text of Kabbalistic study, not a prayer composed by Rabbi Emanuel Shahar.<\/p>\n<p>For useful reading, keep a Passover Haggadah alongside the letter and follow the passages on which it draws: Rabbi Judah\u2019s mnemonic signs, the number of plagues in Egypt and at the sea, and the statements of Rabbi Yosei the Galilean, Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Akiva. Obscure matters should be studied with someone knowledgeable about the sources and their versions.<\/p>\n<h2>Text of the letter<\/h2>\n<p>Peace to the rabbis of the land, who build protective fences and stand in the breach. May the Lord save them from destruction and doom, all the holy ones upon the earth, each raising questions and answering according to his discernment. Amen, selah. To the heart of the matter: the Ari, of blessed memory, wrote in his booklet called P\u2019laot Rabbot, in the section \u2018The Exodus from Egypt,\u2019 chapter 3, folio 42a, as follows:<\/p>\n<p>I have already informed you that Pharaoh was struck in Egypt with these ten plagues through 3,280 destructive angels appointed in three heavens of impurity. The first is called \u05e9\u05e8\u05e2, the second \u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05da and the third \u05d1\u05d9\u05e9\u05d4\u05d0. Above them is the prince called \u05d3\u05dc\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8, and above them all the prince called \u05ea\u05e7\u05d0. At the beginning, remove ten from the third, six from the fourth and six from the ninth, as written:<\/p>\n<p>The Egyptians suffered ten plagues in Egypt and fifty at the sea through the name \u05e9\u05e4\u05f4\u05d5, which David son of Jesse held; the name spoke and struck. Through \u05ea\u05e7\u05f4\u05dc they suffered forty in Egypt and two hundred at the sea; the name spoke and struck. Through \u05d0\u05e9\u05e6\u05f4\u05d4 they suffered fifty in Egypt and two hundred and fifty at the sea. With what the Holy One, blessed be He, strikes, He heals exile. What rebellion, sin or trespass did our ancestors commit to be in this iron furnace, until He redeemed them through these names: \u05d3\u05e2\u05f4\u05d1 \u05e6\u05d3\u05f4\u05d0 \u05db\u05e9\u05d7\u05f4\u05d1? Thus far the Ari\u2019s words.<\/p>\n<p>My teachers and masters, holy ones of Israel, these words are wondrous, closed and sealed, with none to explain them. Great scholars of Israel have asked me to explain the Ari\u2019s words, and I did not tell them. Out of my great love for my teachers, I will reveal this secret shown to me in a dream, a vision of the night. I now disclose it by allusion before your honored Torah wisdom; may the Merciful One forgive.<\/p>\n<p>This is the explanation:<\/p>\n<p>When the Ari wrote that Pharaoh was struck in Egypt with ten plagues, he meant the following:<\/p>\n<p>Practitioners of practical Kabbalah said that 3,280 destructive angels are appointed to strike the wicked, punish them in Gehinnom and cleanse their sins. Of this it is said, \u2018to strike with a wicked fist\u2019: \u05d0\u05d2\u05e8\u05e3 alludes to 3,280. Through them wicked Pharaoh was also struck. I, the writer, say that this is a wondrous secret when written and counted: \u05d3\u05dd (blood), \u05e6\u05e4\u05e8\u05d3\u05e2 (frogs), \u05db\u05e0\u05dd (lice), \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1 (swarms), \u05d3\u05d1\u05e8 (pestilence), \u05e9\u05d7\u05d9\u05df (boils), \u05d1\u05e8\u05d3 (hail), \u05d0\u05e8\u05d1\u05d4 (locusts), \u05d7\u05e9\u05da (darkness), \u05de\u05db\u05ea \u05d1\u05db\u05d5\u05e8\u05d5\u05ea (striking the firstborn).<\/p>\n<p>These ten plagues, written letter for letter as above, total 3,280, corresponding to the destructive angels appointed to purify the wicked. It is a wondrous plain explanation, such as no eye has seen.<\/p>\n<p>The calculation is exact when \u05db\u05e0\u05dd is written without yod, \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1 without vav and \u05d7\u05e9\u05da without vav: precisely 3,280 destructive angels, no more and no less. That is the Ari\u2019s meaning in \u2018as written\u2019: as in the Torah scroll, not as in prayer books and the Haggadah, where the words are written in full. They must have the defective spelling of the Torah. Rabbi Judah likewise gave only the initials \u05d3\u05e6\u05f4\u05da \u05e2\u05d3\u05f4\u05e9 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d7\u05f4\u05d1, as Rabbi Isaac Abarbanel wrote and as I explained above.<\/p>\n<p>Thus \u2018remove ten from the third\u2019 means that the third plague, \u05db\u05e0\u05dd, lacks yod; \u2018six from the fourth\u2019 means \u05e2\u05e8\u05d1 lacks vav; \u2018six from the ninth\u2019 means \u05d7\u05e9\u05da also lacks vav. \u2018As written\u2019 means the Torah\u2019s defective spelling, as explained. This is the secret of \u2018These are the ten plagues that the Holy One, blessed be He, brought in Egypt\u2019: exactly 3,280 destructive angels struck Pharaoh and the Egyptians there.<\/p>\n<p>They are appointed in three heavens, named \u05e9\u05e8\u05e2, \u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05da and \u05d1\u05d9\u05e9\u05d4\u05d0. Here too is a great and wondrous secret. The 3,280 camps that struck Pharaoh and the Egyptians are appointed in these three heavens of impurity. Scripture discloses an awesome secret, and the Haggadah\u2019s narrator arranged the phrase \u2018\u05e2\u05e9\u05e8 \u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05d0\u2019 (\u2018ten plagues that He brought\u2019): these three words allude to the three heavens and the 3,280 destructive angels, the numerical total of the ten plagues. \u05e2\u05e9\u05f4\u05e8 has the letters of \u05e9\u05e8\u05e2; \u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05f4\u05ea those of \u05ea\u05de\u05d5\u05da; \u05e9\u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05f4\u05d0 those of \u05d1\u05d9\u05e9\u05d4\u05d0. These are the three impure heavens containing exactly 3,280 destructive angels, matching the total of blood, frogs and the other plagues. They struck Pharaoh and the Egyptians, for such angels are appointed to strike the wicked and cleanse their sins. Through them He struck Egypt with these ten plagues. This is a great wonder.<\/p>\n<p>The Ari\u2019s \u2018above them is the prince \u05d3\u05dc\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8\u2019 means that this name derives from \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd (\u2018the Egyptians\u2019). The three heavens are \u05e2\u05e9\u05e8 \u05de\u05db\u05d5\u05ea \u05e9\u05d4\u05d1\u05d9\u05d0, as the sage explained, followed by \u05e2\u05dc \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd (\u2018upon the Egyptians\u2019). \u05d3\u05dc\u05e4\u05e7\u05d8 consists of the letters immediately preceding those of \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd; the final mem marks the plural and is not part of the root. The narrator alludes to this in \u2018These are the ten plagues that the Holy One brought upon the Egyptians in Egypt\u2019: the letters preceding the letters of \u05d4\u05de\u05e6\u05e8\u05d9\u05dd.<\/p>\n<p>\u2018Above them all is the prince \u05ea\u05e7\u05d0\u2019 means that the initials of the ten plagues, \u05d3\u05e6\u05f4\u05da \u05e2\u05d3\u05f4\u05e9 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d7\u05f4\u05d1, have the numerical value \u05ea\u05e7\u05d0, exactly that of the prince and of \u05d0\u05e9\u05e8. This is the secret in Exodus, \u2018so that you may tell your son and grandson what [\u05d0\u05e9\u05e8] I wrought in Egypt\u2019: precisely \u05d0\u05e9\u05e8, whose number equals \u05ea\u05e7\u05d0. Many verses point to this secret of \u05d0\u05e9\u05e8, the value of the plagues\u2019 initials. We have wondrous secrets in this, and \u2018the glory of God is to conceal a matter.\u2019<\/p>\n<p>The Ari wrote that \u05e9\u05e4\u05d5, held by David son of Jesse, spoke and struck ten plagues in Egypt and fifty at the sea; \u05ea\u05e7\u05dc spoke and struck forty in Egypt and two hundred at the sea; \u05d0\u05e9\u05e6\u05d4 spoke and struck fifty in Egypt and two hundred and fifty at the sea. This refers to the awesome secret of the disagreement in the Haggadah between Rabbi Yosei the Galilean, Rabbi Eliezer and Rabbi Akiva, each asking, \u2018From where do we learn?\u2019 \u05e9\u05e4\u05f4\u05d5 and the ten\/fifty count allude to Rabbi Yosei the Galilean, for \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9 has that numerical value. \u05d3\u05d5\u05d3 \u05d1\u05df \u05d9\u05e9\u05d9, David son of Jesse, also has the value \u05e9\u05e4\u05d5: David came through that very name. Sodei Raza likewise says Rabbi Yosei the Galilean is a spark of David son of Jesse. This name struck them. \u05ea\u05e7\u05f4\u05dc and the forty\/two-hundred count allude to \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e2\u05d6\u05e8, which has that value: \u2018Rabbi Eliezer says\u2019 is precisely the name \u05ea\u05e7\u05dc. \u05d0\u05e9\u05e6\u05f4\u05d4 and the fifty\/two-hundred-fifty count allude to \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9 \u05e2\u05e7\u05d9\u05d1\u05d0, whose value, with the kolel (one added for the whole), equals \u05d0\u05e9\u05e6\u05f4\u05d4. That name declared those numbers of plagues. Thus \u05e9\u05e4\u05f4\u05d5 \u05ea\u05e7\u05f4\u05dc \u05d0\u05e9\u05e6\u05f4\u05d4 allude to these three Tannaim.<\/p>\n<p>Peace to the rabbis of the land, builders of protective fences who stand in the breach. May the Lord save them from destruction and doom, all the holy ones upon the earth, each questioning and answering according to his discernment.<\/p>\n<p>\u05e8\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d9\u05d5\u05e1\u05d9 \u05d4\u05d2\u05dc\u05d9\u05dc\u05d9 has the value \u05e9\u05e4\u05f4\u05d5, \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9 \u05d0\u05dc\u05d9\u05e2\u05d6\u05e8 the value \u05ea\u05e7\u05f4\u05dc, and \u05e8\u05d1\u05d9 \u05e2\u05e7\u05d9\u05d1\u05d0 the value \u05d0\u05e9\u05e6\u05f4\u05d4. This is a wondrous, awesome secret: the secret of secrets, the concealment of concealments, as I wrote to your honored Torah wisdom. May the Merciful One forgive iniquity.<\/p>\n<p>The Ari\u2019s statement that the Holy One heals exile with what He strikes, asking what our ancestors sinned, means that the initials of these ten plagues, \u05d3\u05e6\u05f4\u05da \u05e2\u05d3\u05f4\u05e9 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d7\u05f4\u05d1, encode the secret and reason for our ancestors\u2019 descent into Egypt, as I wrote to you. With these plagues He struck them, and the Holy One healed us. He struck them mightily: \u2018It is the finger of God.\u2019 From the blow itself came Israel\u2019s healing, for the Holy One redeemed them, as I wrote.<\/p>\n<p>\u2018What was their rebellion?\u2019 means that these plagues hint at our ancestors\u2019 sin that caused the descent to Egypt. We have an awesome, wondrous secret resolving the difficulty your honored scholars raised. This too is settled as I wrote to you: wonders of His holy and pure Torah.<\/p>\n<p>The Ari\u2019s statement that the Holy One redeemed us through \u05d3\u05e2\u05f4\u05d1 \u05e6\u05d3\u05f4\u05d0 \u05db\u05e9\u05d7\u05f4\u05d1 means that the first letters of \u05d3\u05e6\u05f4\u05da \u05e2\u05d3\u05f4\u05e9 \u05d1\u05d0\u05d7\u05f4\u05d1 form \u05d3\u05e2\u05f4\u05d1, the second letters \u05e6\u05d3\u05f4\u05d0, and the remaining final letters \u05db\u05e9\u05d7\u05f4\u05d1. These three names allude to Israel\u2019s healing, through which He redeemed us. Thus the very plagues striking Egypt contain Israel\u2019s redemption and healing. May it be the Holy One\u2019s will to show us the coming of our Messiah speedily in our days, with the angels associated with redemption, and fulfill in us: \u2018As in the days when you came out of Egypt, I will show him wonders.\u2019 Amen, forever, selah.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/main><\/p>\n<footer class=\"es-footer\">\n<p>Rabbi Emanuel Shahar \u00b7 Tiferet Malchut Shlomo<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/?page_id=20352&#038;lang=en\">About the Rabbi<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/?page_id=50002&#038;lang=en\">Terms of use<\/a><\/p>\n<nav class=\"es-langs\" aria-label=\"Language\"><a href=\"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/?page_id=22&#038;lang=he\" hreflang=\"he\" lang=\"he\">\u05e2\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05ea<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/?page_id=1052&#038;lang=en\" hreflang=\"en\" lang=\"en\" aria-current=\"page\">English<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/?page_id=1053&#038;lang=fr\" hreflang=\"fr\" lang=\"fr\">Fran\u00e7ais<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/?page_id=1054&#038;lang=ar\" hreflang=\"ar\" lang=\"ar\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/?page_id=20074&#038;lang=es\" hreflang=\"es\" lang=\"es\">Espa\u00f1ol<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/?page_id=20369&#038;lang=fa\" hreflang=\"fa\" lang=\"fa\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/?page_id=20374&#038;lang=tr\" hreflang=\"tr\" lang=\"tr\">T\u00fcrk\u00e7e<\/a><\/nav>\n<\/footer>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The letter attributed to Rabbi Shimshon of Ostropoli discusses allusions and gematria relating to the ten plagues and the Haggadah. Various communities study it before Passover. It is a text of Kabbalistic study, not a prayer composed by\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20238,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[67],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-48702","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48702","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=48702"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48702\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":50709,"href":"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48702\/revisions\/50709"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/20238"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=48702"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=48702"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/emanuelshahar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=48702"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}